Английский для айтишников. Tech English: Язык программистов и IT-специалистов

Vocabulary

Hardware – Аппаратное обеспечение

Input devices – Входные устройства

Output devices – Выходные устройства

Storage devices – Устройства хранения данных

Processing devices – Процессорные устройства

Central processing unit (CPU) – Центральный процессор

Graphics processing unit (GPU) – Графический процессор

Digital signal processor (DSP) – Цифровой сигнальный процессор

Hard disk drive (HDD) – Жесткий диск

Solid-state drive (SSD) – Твердотельный накопитель

Flash drive – Флеш-накопитель

Memory card – Карта памяти

Keyboard – Клавиатура

Mouse – Мышь

Scanner – Сканер

Microphone – Микрофон

Monitor – Монитор

Printer – Принтер

Speaker – Динамик

Tasks

– What is the primary processing device in a computer system?

– Give an example of an input device.

– Translate the following sentence into Russian: «The central processing unit executes instructions and controls the flow of data.

Sample answers:

– The primary processing device in a computer system is the central processing unit (CPU).

– An example of an input device is a keyboard.

– «Центральный процессор выполняет инструкции и контролирует поток данных.»

Understanding Computer Network Hardware

Computer networks are made up of hardware components that enable communication and data sharing between devices. Each component plays a specific role in the network, and understanding the functions of each is essential for IT specialists who work with computer networks.

Network Interface Card (NIC): This hardware component enables devices to connect to a network. It is responsible for translating data from the device into a format that can be transmitted over the network and vice versa.

Switches: These devices connect multiple devices on a network and allow them to communicate with each other. Switches use MAC addresses to identify devices on the network and direct data to the appropriate destination.

Routers: Routers connect different networks together and enable communication between them. They also determine the most efficient path for data to travel between networks.

Firewalls: Firewalls protect networks by monitoring incoming and outgoing traffic and blocking potentially harmful packets. They also prevent unauthorized access to the network.