Санкт-Петербург. Краткая история

В послевоенные годы продолжалась индустриализация, строились типовые жилые кварталы в пригородных микрорайонах. К 1989 году численность населения превысила 5 млн. человек. После распада Советского Союза в 1991 году городу было возвращено его первоначальное название – Санкт-Петербург.

В 1990-2000-е годы в Санкт-Петербурге была восстановлена большая часть исторической архитектуры и былого величия. Появились современные деловые районы и культурные объекты, в том числе трехконечный небоскреб Газпрома, величественный Константиновский дворец и самый высокий в Европе небоскреб «Лахта-центр».

В 2012 году через Неву был построен новый Дворцовый мост длиной 448 м.

К 2020 году Санкт-Петербург стал процветающим космополитическим европейским городом, сохранив при этом свое историческое прошлое культурной столицы России.

Население чуть более 5 млн. человек. (2023год)

EN

The city of St. Petersburg was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May 16, 1703, in the delta of the Neva River. Peter wanted to build a "window to Europe" and a naval base on the Baltic Sea to help Russia gain access to European technology and culture.

The site chosen was a previously uninhabited swampy area, above which the Swedish fortress of Neteborg towered.

Peter commissioned large-scale hydraulic engineering works and engaged Dutch engineers to drain the swampy area and divert the river for construction. In 1704, by Peter's order, the Peter and Paul Fortress was built, which became the first building of the new city.

The fortress was built with earthen ramparts and 11 bastions in the style of Vauban fortifications. Granite was brought from Vyborg quarries, and by 1706 more than 10,000 workers were working on the construction of the fortress.

In 1708 Peter ordered the construction of Admiralty shipyards to supply the new Baltic fleet of Russia. Advanced for its time, the shipyards had sloping gangways, dry docks, foundries and mechanical workshops. Sluice gates were built near the shipyards to regulate the water level in the branches of the Neva River.

By 1712 St. Petersburg was officially appointed the new capital of Russia instead of Moscow. The Tsar commissioned the architect Domenico Trezzini to design the core of the city in the form of a rational grid centered around the Admiralty Shipyards. Stone buildings in the Petrine Baroque style were constructed, including the administrative building of the Twelve Colleges, located along the embankments.

In 1716-1725.